Optimization Strategies for Peak Load Reduction in District Heating Systems: A Case Study of Maribor

Abstract

District heating systems play a vital role in sustainable urban energy management by providing centralized heat generation and efficient thermal energy distribution. They improve overall energy efficiency and reduce uncontrolled local emissions. However, their operation is increasingly affected by volatile energy prices, environmental policies, and the need for reliable performance during the heating season. Continuous operation of base-load units, combined with supplementary peak-load sources, often leads to system oversizing, higher operational costs, and reduced efficiency. Heat consumption shifting is an effective strategy to address peak demand challenges. By redistributing energy use from high-demand to low-demand periods, it enables more uniform load profiles, improves system efficiency, and reduces the need for additional capacity. This approach can be implemented in existing district heating networks with minimal infrastructure modifications. This paper examines the potential of load shifting in the district heating system of the City of Maribor through simulation-based analysis. Adjusted hourly consumption patterns were used to evaluate system performance under different scenarios. The results show that optimized energy distribution can improve operational stability, lower costs, and support the long-term sustainability of district heating networks.